Mango — growing a tree at home. Recommendations for care and harvesting (100 real photos)

Mango tree (lat. "mangifera Indian")– the most popular in the tropics. Initially, Indian mango grew in India (Assam state) and the neighboring Republic of the Union of Myanmar (formerly Burma), now it has been distributed in all tropical countries. A plant from the family of Anacardiaceae (Sumac). The mango tree is the national symbol of India and Pakistan.

Summary of the article:

In the humid tropics, the trunk height is up to 30 m (in an apartment up to 3 m), the crown girth is up to 10 m. The foliage is elongated, up to 5 cm wide, dark green in color. Young leaves are glossy with a yellow-green tint.

Flowering occurs from February to March, inflorescences are more often yellowish in the form of a pyramid, in which hundreds to thousands of flowers. Inflorescence length is sometimes up to 40 cm . The fragrance of the inflorescences resembles lilies.

The tree is very durable, the fruits are large (sometimes up to 2 kg each). By coloring, you can determine the maturity of the fruit. Its peel is smooth and thin, can be of various shades: yellowish-red or green, often tricolor mangoes.

The maturity of the fruit affects the pulp, it can be soft or with fibers. The fruit has a solid bone of large size inside. The fruits resemble an egg in shape with a sweet taste.

Now there are more than 500 varieties of mango trees, they are different in shape, size, different inflorescences, colors and taste of fruits. Dwarf mangoes are cultivated on plantations. The trees have proven themselves well, so these varieties are easier to grow at home.

How to grow a mango tree at home?

Mango's useful properties have been used in cooking and medicine for a long time, it has a lot of vitamins.

Location and lighting

Mango cultivation requires certain rules:

For the rapid growth and development of the mango tree, it is necessary to choose the most illuminated place in the house (apartment) – this is the main thing.
The pot should be large, the root system of the plant is developing rapidly. Mango loves the sun very much, so the lack of light will lead the plant to various diseases.
The optimal temperature during the year should be from +20 ° C to +26 ° C, deviations from the norm can adversely affect the development of the plant. In winter, at least + 18 degrees Celsius.

Soil selection

Mango tree requires a sufficiently loose soil. For young plants, a "light" soil with a pH of 5.5-7.5 is needed. After 5 years, they are transplanted, where the mixture is: 2 parts turf, 1 part humus with sand. The pot must have a hole. Important! Do not forget that the plant needs good drainage to remove excess moisture.

Humidity and watering

At home, mango needs moist soil to create a familiar tropical climate for the tree. It is necessary to water abundantly 1-3 times a week with warm water. Between watering, the soil should dry out a little. In winter, reduce watering. Regularly spray the tree, especially in winter.

During the flowering period, watering should be reduced as much as possible. But pay special attention to numerous leaves at this time, they may droop when there is a lack of water.

After harvesting the fruit, watering should be strengthened again so that the plant can quickly regain its strength and continue to grow. Moisture should be maintained in moderation, this is important for young trees, they do not like dry soils.

Excess dampness is also contraindicated, but dry air can also do harm. The average humidity in the room is required.

Top dressing

To form a beautiful crown of a tree, we need fertilizing at the beginning of spring — this is a time of rapid growth. Organic fertilizers should be applied to the soil 1 time in 2 weeks: in spring and summer. Additionally, 3 times a year, you can feed micro-fertilizers.

Mango should not be fertilized in autumn. For the proper development of the tree, it is better to choose a balanced fertilizer correctly, then the plant will delight the owners with delicious fruits.

Reproduction and care

Previously, mangoes were propagated by seeds or vaccinations. Plants are grafted only in summer, which guaranteed the result. Any soil will do, but the soil must necessarily be loose, with good drainage.

The grafted young tree tries to bloom early and bear fruit, but it is necessary to trim the panicle with flowers after full blooming. It will be possible to leave the inflorescences only after 1-2 vaccinations.

Cut the plant in the spring by 1/3, and pinch the tops to make them bush better. But pruning delays flowering. Transplanting is possible in the spring.

Blossom

Yellow-green or red flowers are collected in racemes, they can be seen from December to the end of April. Pollination is necessary for the fruits. Fetal development is 3-6 months.

Important! The first fruit harvest is minimal, so the young tree protects itself from complete exhaustion, but there will be several of the largest fruits. Every year the harvest will grow.

Dangerous pests and diseases

A great danger for a tropical tree is spider mites. Their sign is the appearance of a spider web. The reason may be high temperature and lack of humidity. In the warm season – thrips that feed on the juice of the leaves. This can be seen by the color change or discoloration of the leaves.

Common mango diseases:

powdery mildew – white coating on the leaves;
bacteriosis – spots on leaves;
anthracnose.

The dryness of the air will turn the tips of the leaves brown. And when it's cold, the flowers will just fall off.

Toxicity

The foliage of the mango tree contains essential oils, they have an irritating effect. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid their use by pets.

How to plant a bone correctly?

To grow a tree at home, you need to choose a ripe mango, preferably an overripe fruit, a bone in it can be burst and with a sprout.

It is necessary to cut the fruit along the length, turn the halves of the fruit in opposite directions to release the bone. Then rinse the bone with water, plant it shallow in a 9 cm pot (humus with turf). You can create a greenhouse from above (for example, from a package).

Advice! If the bone is whole, experts recommend soaking it for 2-3 days in a solution of potassium permanganate or water, wait until it germinates. You can open the bone, get what's inside – the embryo is shaped like a bean. It will germinate faster this way.

The fruit bone cannot be stored for a long time, the quality of seedlings drops sharply.

At an average temperature of about +23 degrees, sprouts will appear in 3-4 weeks. The bush will need to be transplanted annually into a large container, the composition of the soil is the same. After 3-5 years, when transplanting, small pebbles or a mixture of coarse sand (river sand) should be placed on the bottom.

Choose a sunny place, if you have a battery, you will need frequent spraying with warm water. Fertilizers that are suitable for palm trees and oleander bushes are mandatory.

Having grown a mango from a bone, a bush can be given various shapes: a ball, a pyramid or a cube. It will please you with flowers only in a few years. Different varieties of mango can be seen in our gallery in the photo or on the Internet.