Chrysanthemum flowers are a description of a perennial plant. Instructions for planting and care with photos

Chrysanthemum is an annual and perennial plant from the Asteraceae family. Her homeland is considered to be China, where she gained fame on the "flower of the Sun". According to Eastern legends, those who grow chrysanthemums will have a long and prosperous life.

Today chrysanthemum is found not only in the East, but also all over the world, and its popularity is not fading. Thanks to the efforts of breeders, many species and forms of this plant have appeared. Chrysanthemum is the pride and admiration of any gardener.

No wonder she is called the queen of autumn – chrysanthemum flowers delight the eye from August to November. Rapid flowering continues until the first frost, some plants can withstand temperatures up to -7.

In the open ground, the height of the stems can reach 80 cm, but in winter they need to be cut to 15-20 cm and insulated with leaves, spruce branches and peat. With proper care, chrysanthemum will withstand wintering not only in temperate climates, but also in northern latitudes.

Summary of the article:

There are a huge variety of classifications of chrysanthemums by species and varieties: in America there are 15 of them, in Europe – 10. A favorite of flower growers, she continues to amaze with a variety of colors, shapes and sizes. In this article we will look at the main classes of chrysanthemums.

Garden chrysanthemums

By life expectancy:

annuals (Nivea, Gold Crown, Orion, Helios – bloom from early summer to frost, unpretentious)
perennial (Talisman, Evening lights, Varvara, Amber Lady – are divided into tall, medium-sized and border, great for landscape design).

By flowering time:

early (Anita, Pearl, Reflex) – in August — September
average (Orange, Viking, Siwena) – in September — October
late (Ribonet, Rivardi, Champagne) – in October — November

By inflorescence size:

Large-flowered (Excel, Dimlomat, Zlata Prague). The size of the spherical bush reaches 60 cm . Such chrysanthemums are usually grown for bouquets. Important! This species is not frost-resistant, i.e. for the winter it must be dug out of the open ground.

Medium-colored (Champagne spray, Golden Fleece). The diameter of the flower is from 8 to 16 cm, the height of the bush is 40-50 cm. They are used for decorating and making bouquets. It can be grown in a pot on a balcony or veranda.

Small-flowered (Korean) (Etna, Multiflora, Santini). The diameter of the flower is up to 9 cm, the bushes are high. The most frost-resistant species, grown both in open soil and indoors.

According to the shape of the inflorescences:

Not terry (simple) (El Dorado, Masquerade, Joy). Outwardly similar to daisies, unpretentious, bloom from June until the first frost.

Anemoid (Eleonora belaya). The diameter of the flower reaches 15 cm, flowering is abundant and long.

Semi-double (Amazon, Sorceress, Isabel). They have a flat shape with a raised middle. They belong to early varieties, have a long flowering period and are resistant to dry climates.

Bent (Gillette, Max Riley, Crimson). They represent a variety of terry varieties. They acquired their name because of the petals bent downwards. Such chrysanthemums are often used for photos in bouquets and compositions.

Spherical (Umka, Sturdy, Broadway). Outwardly resemble a ball or a cone. They do not tolerate frosts well, they are light-loving.

Curly (Vesuvio, Anastasia Green). The diameter of the flower is 12-14 cm, have a spherical or hemispherical shape. The petals, sticking out in different directions and bent up, resemble curls, hence the name.

Pompoms (Grace, Denis, Bob). It has a dense inflorescence in the shape of a ball with a large number of small petals, which makes it look fluffy.

Planting garden chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums are very light-loving, so you need to choose a place for planting with the condition that it will be illuminated for at least 5 hours a day. Also, flowers are afraid of waterlogging the soil, so it is better to plant them on high ground. The roots of the plant do not tolerate moisture retention and need sufficient ventilation, otherwise the flower will not survive the winter and will die.

It is possible to plant a bush chrysanthemum in spring and autumn. However, according to experienced flower growers, it is worth giving preference to the spring period so that the plant has time to take root and take root. It is better to plan the landing on a cloudy day or earlier in the morning.

Young shoots need to be pinned when the first 8 leaves appear on them – this will allow the bush to grow better. For high grades, be sure to prepare supports.

Care

Chrysanthemums prefer abundant watering and loose soil. When watering, try not to drip on the leaves.

Remember about fertilizer: at least three times during the growth period. The choice should be made in favor of nitrogen and forforno-potash, they will help the plant to grow lush foliage and a large number of inflorescences.

Indoor chrysanthemums

Homemade chrysanthemums are usually small in size, bloom profusely, but the flowers are small, from 2 to 5 cm in diameter.

There are three main varieties:

chinese
indian
korean

Chrysanthemum care at home is not difficult. Lighting, temperature conditions and watering are the three main conditions under which the plant will feel comfortable and delight with a long flowering.

Temperature regime

Chrysanthemum does not belong to heat—loving plants, so in summer the temperature should be between 20 - 23 ° C, in autumn–spring — 15-18 ° C, and in winter - no higher than 8 ° C.

Lighting

The light should be diffused, so it is better to choose a place for a flower with windows facing east or west, because chrysanthemum does not tolerate both bright sunlight and lack of lighting. The ideal place for it will be a cool veranda or balcony, and in summer it can be placed in the yard or outside the window.

Watering

Do not forget to water and spray the plant regularly. Chrysanthemum loves water, so watering should be carried out twice a week.

But do not overdo it: the water in the pan should not accumulate. In the warm season, it is advisable to spray the leaves in the morning and evening.

Fertilizer

If you want to achieve dynamic growth of chrysanthemums, annually transplant it into a larger pot and make fertilizers in time: during the period of foliage growth – nitrogen, when tying buds – phosphorus-potassium.

Care after flowering

Do not neglect the rules of chrysanthemum care after the flowering period. Dry inflorescences must be removed, and shoots must be pruned.

The pot with the plant should be placed in a cool place and left there until spring. When new shoots appear, the flower is transplanted and returned to its original place at room temperature.